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Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Capacitors
von: Inamuddin
Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018
ISBN: 9781945291531 , 210 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 110,00 EUR
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frontpages
2
1
10
1. Introduction
11
2. The preparation of graphene
12
3. Graphene-metal compound composites
13
3.1 Graphene-MnO2 composites
14
3.2 Graphene-Mn3O4 composites
15
3.3 Graphene-ZnO composites
15
3.4 Graphene-CeO2 composites
16
3.5 Graphene-Co3O4 composites
16
3.6 Graphene-NiO composites
16
4. Graphene-polymer composites
17
4.1 Graphene-PPY based composites
17
4.2 Graphene-PAN based composites
17
4.3 Graphene-biopolymer composite materials
18
5. 3D graphene-based composites
18
6. Multifunctional graphene-based electrode materials
19
6.1 Ternary graphene-polymer-nanocarbon composites
20
6.2 Ternary graphene-polymer-metal oxide composites
20
6.3 Ternary graphene-polymer-polymer composites
20
7. Conclusions
21
Acknowledgments
21
References
21
2
35
1. Biomass-derived carbon
36
2. Use of biomass based activated carbon in electrochemical capacitor
39
Conclusion
45
References
46
3
53
1. Introduction
54
2. Experimental
55
2.1. Materials and instrumentation
55
2.2 Preparation of electrode and electrochemical characterization
55
2.3 Sonochemical synthesis of RuO2 nanogranules
56
2.4 Sonochemical synthesis of conducting polymer/RuO2 composite
56
3. Results and discussion
57
Conclusions
65
References
65
4
68
1. Introduction
69
2. Fundamentals of supercapacitors
70
2.1 Types of supercapacitors
70
2.2 Parameters for supercapacitors
72
3. Synthesis methods
74
4. Electrode materials of transition metal oxides/hydroxides
75
4.1 Ruthenium oxide
76
4.2 Manganese oxide
79
4.3 Nickel oxide/Nickel hydroxide (NiO/Ni(OH)2)
82
4.4 Cobalt oxide/hydroxide (Co3O4/Co(OH)2)
85
4.5 Iron oxides (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4)
87
4.6 Molybdenum oxides
88
4.7 Vanadium pentoxide
88
4.8 Tin oxide
89
4.9 Indium oxide (In2O3)
89
4.10 Bismuth oxide
90
4.11 Binary metal oxides
90
5. Application of supercapacitors
90
Conclusions
91
References
91
5
116
1. Introduction
117
2. Experimental
118
2.1 Materials and instrumentation
118
2.2 Preparation PANI-ZrO2 composite (PZA) by aqueous polymerization pathway
119
2.3 Preparation of PANI-ZrO2 composite (PZE) by emulsion polymerization pathway
119
2.4 Preparation of PANI-ZrO2 composite (PZI) by interfacial polymerization pathway
120
2.5 Ion exchange capacity (IEC) of PANI-ZrO2 composites
120
3. Results and discussion
120
3.1 Synthesis and physical properties of hybrid PANI-ZrO2 composites
120
3.2 Spectral properties of hybrid PANI-ZrO2 composites
122
3.3 Thermal behavior of hybrid PANI-ZrO2 composites
125
3.4 Electrochemical performances of hybrid PANI-ZrO2 composites
125
Conclusion
129
References
129
6
132
1. Introduction
133
2. Carbonaceous-CQDs composites
135
3. Inorganic-CQDs composites
144
4. Conducting polymer-CQDs composites
151
5. Summary and outlook
159
References
160
7
164
1. Introduction
165
2. Supercapacitors
166
3.1 Classification of supercapacitors
168
3.1 Electrostatic capacitors
168
3.2 Pseudocapacitors
169
3.3 Hybrid electrochemical capacitors
170
4. Charge storage mechanism
170
5. Electrode materials
171
6. Transition metal oxides as pseudocapacitor electrodes
171
7. Synthesis of transition metal oxides based electrode material
172
8 Sol-Gel synthesis
173
9. Sol-gel synthesis of transition metal oxides based electrode materials
177
10. Metal oxide /carbon composites as pseudocapacitors electrode material
185
11. Binary metal oxide as electrode material
185
Conclusion
186
References
186
8
195
1. Introduction
196
2. Experimental
198
2.1 Sample preparation
198
2.2 Characterization techniques
200
3. Results and discussion
204
4. Conclusions
209
References
209
keywords_editors
212