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Essential Reproduction
von: Martin H. Johnson
Wiley-Blackwell, 2018
ISBN: 9781119246459 , 436 Seiten
8. Auflage
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 49,99 EUR
eBook anfordern 
Title Page
5
Copyright Page
6
Contents
7
Contributors
9
Preface
10
How to use this book
12
Acknowledgements
13
About the companion website
14
Part 1 Introduction
15
Chapter 1 What is reproduction?
17
Reproductive strategies
18
Reproductive life cycles
22
Conclusions
25
Key learning points
25
Clinical vignette
26
Further reading
26
Chapter 2 The infrastructure of reproduction
27
The reproductive hardware
28
The brain, hypothalamus and pituitary
29
Reproductive messengers
30
General features of reproductive hormones
41
Conclusions
45
Key learning points
45
Clinical vignette
46
Further reading
46
Part 2 Making women and men
49
Chapter 3 Sex
51
The genetic determinant of sex is located on the Y chromosome
52
When, where and how does Sry act?
53
Sexual differentiation within the gonads
57
Sexually dimorphic somatic differentiation depends on the endocrine activity of the fetal testis
58
Conclusions
63
Key learning points
64
Clinical vignette
64
Further reading
65
Chapter 4 Sexual maturation
67
Prepubertal development
68
Puberty and adolescence
71
A distinctive pattern of hormonal changes underlies puberty
75
The central nervous system plays a key role in the onset of puberty
76
Conclusions
83
Key learning points
84
Further reading
85
Chapter 5 Gender
86
Gender is a system of classification based on sex
87
Gender stereotypes and gender identities
88
The brain and behavioural dimorphism
90
Might the underlying basis for sex and gender differences in humans be hormonal?
96
Gender development may form part of social learning in humans
96
Gender and reproduction
98
Conclusions
99
Key learning points
99
Clinical vignette
100
Further reading
100
Chapter 6 Sexual selection
102
Sexuality
103
Eliciting male sexual interest and arousal
107
Female sexual behaviour
108
The brain, hormones and sexual behaviour
113
Social factors influence sexual behaviour in higher primates
114
Selecting sexual partners
115
Conclusions
117
Key learning points
118
Clinical vignette
119
Further reading
119
Part 3 Preparing for pregnancy
121
Chapter 7 Making sperm
123
Testicular organization
124
Spermatogenesis has three main phases
124
Spermatogenesis is highly organized both temporally and spatially
132
Conclusions
139
Key learning points
139
Clinical vignette
140
Further reading
140
Chapter 8 Men
142
Testicular hormones
143
Spermatogenesis is dependent on endocrine support
144
Testicular hormones modulate the output of pituitary hormones
146
Androgens play an essential role in the fecund male
147
Conclusions
149
Key learning points
151
Clinical vignette
152
Further reading
152
Chapter 9 Making eggs
153
The adult ovary consists of follicles and interstitial tissue
154
The follicle is the fundamental reproductive element of the ovary
154
Ovulation
161
The corpus luteum is the postovulatory ‘follicle’
165
Conclusions
167
Key learning points
169
Clinical vignette
170
Further reading
171
Chapter 10 Women
172
Follicular development and the ovarian cycle
173
Ovarian hormones regulate gonadotrophin secretion
175
Feedback by steroid hormones and the inhibins regulates the menstrual cycle
177
Positive and negative feedback are mediated at the level of both the hypothalamus and pituitary
179
The ovarian cycle in relation to the oestrous and menstrual cycles
182
Conclusions
191
Further reading
193
Part 4 Making an embryo
195
Chapter 11 Sperm and eggs
197
Spermatozoa require a period of epididymal maturation
198
Semen is made up of spermatozoa and seminal plasma
200
Coition
202
Gamete transport through the female genital tract
206
Conclusions
207
Key learning points
209
Clinical vignette
209
Further reading
210
Chapter 12 Fertilization
211
Spermatozoa gain their full fertilizing capacity in the female tract
212
Penetrating the egg investments
213
Spermatozoal–oocyte interactions
217
Fertilization completion
217
Anomalous fertilization
221
Conclusions
224
Key learning points
225
Clinical vignette
225
Further reading
226
Chapter 13 Initiating pregnancy
229
The preimplantation conceptus
230
Early development is ‘embryogenic’
230
Implantation
235
The molecular conversations at implantation
238
Summary
244
The prolongation of luteal life
244
Conclusions
246
Key learning points
246
Clinical vignette
247
Further reading
248
Part 5 Maintaining a pregnancy
251
Chapter 14 Supporting the embryo and fetus
253
Nutritional strategies
254
Endocrine support strategies
263
Conclusions
267
Key learning points
268
Clinical vignette
269
Further reading
269
Chapter 15 Growing the fetus
271
Patterns of fetal growth
272
Placental transport
274
Conclusions
281
Key learning points
281
Clinical vignette
282
Further reading
283
Chapter 16 Fetal challenges
284
Pregnancy loss
285
Fetomaternal immune relations
289
Fetal hypoxia
293
Developmental programming
296
Conclusions
298
Key learning points
299
Clinical vignette
299
Further reading
300
Part 6 A new individual
303
Chapter 17 Preparing for birth
305
Fetal systems develop and mature in preparation for postnatal life
306
Fetal hormones orchestrate development and preparations for birth
311
Conclusions
313
Key learning points
313
Clinical vignette
313
Further reading
314
Chapter 18 Giving birth
315
Parturition
316
Labour
316
Endocrine control of parturition
325
Atypical births
328
Conclusions
328
Key learning points
329
Clinical vignette
329
Further reading
330
Chapter 19 Lactation
332
Lactation
333
The milk ejection reflex (MER)
338
Fertility is reduced during lactation
339
Cessation of lactation
339
Milk
340
Conclusions
341
Key learning points
342
Clinical vignette
342
Further reading
343
Chapter 20 Postnatal care
344
Patterns of maternal behaviour vary amongst mammals
345
Genetics and maternal care
352
Conclusions
355
Key learning points
355
Clinical vignette
355
Further reading
356
Part 7 Manipulating reproduction
359
Chapter 21 Controlling fertility
361
Fertility, fecundibility and fecundity
363
Artificial control of fertility
363
Pregnancy termination
373
Conclusions
373
Key learning points
374
Clinical vignette
375
Further reading
375
Chapter 22 Restoring fertility
377
Causes of subfertility
378
Approaches to subfertility treatment
382
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
389
Conclusions
393
Key learning points
393
Clinical vignette
394
Further reading
394
Chapter 23 Society and reproduction
397
Social constraints on fertility
398
Biological constraints on fertility
399
Society and the infertile
400
Reproduction, sexuality and ethics
404
Conclusions
405
Key learning points
405
Clinical vignette
406
Further reading
406
Index
409
EULA
427