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Money

The first assumption about the appearance of money is that it was designed to simplify trade. Of course, it was not always certain to exchange a cow for a wheat field. Not very effective and a little embarrassing, the coins certainly made things easier.

It can thus be said that money has two roles with this hypothesis. Its main role is to help estimate a product, a service. A value is determined for a product, and this value is interpreted as money.

Its second function is to facilitate exchanges. In the modern world, we do not trade cows for harvests anymore, but our time and our knowledge. Most of the time, you will receive compensation in exchange for the time you spend putting your knowledge to the service of your hirer or your clients.

Easy money does not exist. Smart money exists. Money dominates our society, it's a reality. The man needs the money to trade and buy. Money is a very attractive design and if there is one thing I understood, it is that money can be an occasion of misfortune as well as of well-being.

Money is not bad; it's the love of money that is bad. It is necessary to consider the money in a mathematical way without carrying of the emotional one (it is that which makes it possible to control the money).

Money in itself has no value, what matters is what we make of it.

Money makes it possible to feed oneself, to lodge, to go out, to travel, to clothe oneself, to educate oneself, to heal oneself. And yet, with only the money, you can go beyond many other great things while on earth, as well as make friends, seduce a person, have confidence in oneself, be creative, increase one's performances (mental or physical), develop one's spirituality, appreciate a landscape, etc.

It is these things that will fill you up and make you blossom.

Finally, we can say that money is an instrument that allows us to express thanks.

Where does the money come from?

There are two limitations to the understanding of the current financial system:

Money is an untouchable theme that is not currently questioned.

Money is not taught at school or later. This is a generally obscure idea for the majority of people who have not attended training in economics. Consequently, one does not question what one does not apprehend.

Few people know that it is no longer the public administration that produces most of the money (the national bank or the federal agency still creates the currency but not the electronic money).

Moreover, what few people know is that the banks produce the money they lend, they do not have it. Other types of money are possible and can boost the economy but in particular increase the purchasing power of the population.

Initially, barter only allowed trade. Also now in Africa barter is of great importance both at the individual level and between companies. The difficulty of bartering: it is very restrictive because it is necessary to identify the individual who is interested in exchanging what you have to offer and who more precisely is what you are looking for.

Throughout history and all over the world all kinds of things are used as currency, such as pearls, cocoa beans, seashells, salt, amber, ivory, stones, feathers, tobacco, etc. Some things are adopted as money because they are portable, others because they have decorative value and still others because they can be consumed. All are recognized as an acceptable means of exchange or as a means of settling their debts.

Thus is born the ancestor of money that allows the exchange between people using a "value" accepted and recognized as such by a community. "Your calf is worth 100 shells and with these 100 shells you can buy eggs, a plow and chickens for your sister's wedding".

Thus is born this fantastic but natural invention that is money, VECTOR EXCHANGE between men. It is at the base of the structure of societies and without it no civilization could emerge.

In Mesopotamia, the first cuneiform writings, on clay tablets, were accounting entries. A system of administrative management of debts and debts has developed. It was based on the comparison of the value of traded products with "standard values" known to all (given amount of cereals, gold, or silver).

In Egypt and Mesopotamia, scriptural money existed long before fiduciary money (several thousand years). But with the intensification and diversification of trade, this has necessitated a bloated administration and consequently a much too heavy taxation.

It was therefore necessary to simplify: find a way to settle a debt by a simple and reliable means: the "fiduciary" currency.

Etymological parenthesis: "credit" comes from the Latin credere = to believe, to trust; "Debit" comes from the Latin debitus = what is due, debt; in the same vein, "fiduciary" comes from the Latin fiducia, ae = trust.

A stallion has emerged in every human group: shells, small works of art, minerals or small ingots of more or less precious metal or goods of common use, such as salt that was used to pay the Roman legionnaires (it is the origin of the word salary). Symbolic objects were also used, such as the "coin-axes" of the late Bronze Age discovered in Britain.

In the fourteenth century, among the Aztecs, the cocoa bean was a means of exchange recognized throughout Mesoamerica. A slave is then worth 100 beans, the favors of a courtesan: 80 beans and a rabbit: 10 beans. Alms to a beggar amount to 3 or 4 beans.

In fact, the value of the currency is not equal to the market value of the beans.

In some countries, it was not until the twentieth century to see the disappearance of these primitive forms of money. This was particularly the case of shackles (slave rings) or shells in parts of Africa. Kauri shells (or cowries) were used in China 5th century AD. In India, then throughout the Pacific. It is found in the early fourteenth century Maldives, where Arab traders have exported to the east coast of Africa.

They then transit through Sudan to Guinea, then to Mauritania and to the Berbers of the Atlas. Until the nineteenth century, kauri values ​​spread primarily in East Africa, particularly in Zanzibar and Ethiopia.

After 1870, colonial governments sought to ban kauris as currency. But men were used to it and always used it as "small change". It was not until 1955 that kauri values ​​became almost completely out of order.

In ancient Greece the currency spread rapidly from the 8th century BC. According to Herodotus the Lydians (now Turkey) are the first to design silver and gold coins. The use of this kind of room spreads throughout Greece and each city begins to hit its own pieces.

In Greece, mainly in silver, the pieces are of a strictly identical weight. Then bronze allows daily exchanges of low values. Metallic money is a valuable standard: metals are divisible by weight. It is therefore possible to match the value of parts to their weight, which facilitates trade and commerce.

Alexander the Great (-356 BC) reserves the right to coin money. He quickly created a unique imperial currency. The new drachma is spreading everywhere. (The "electrum" kind of natural white gold was indeed rejected by the rivers that crossed at Sardinian capital of Lydia.Cresus (-550 BC) would have been the first to strike gold coins and pure silver The important element was the affixing of a mark or hallmark by an institution guaranteeing the exchange value of the coin As early as -450 BC, we find the use of money in Marseilles.

Previously in China were minted coins in the form of miniature tools (knives, spades ...). It was not until the third century BC that Emperor Shi Huangdi struck round coins pierced with a square hole in the middle.

It was in Rome, in the third century before Christ, that a first monetary workshop began. It was installed on the Capitol, near the temple of Junon "Moneta". At other times, the geese guarded near the temple had warned the Romans of a night attack of the Gauls, which had earned the goddess Junon the qualifier of Moneta (warner), a term from which are derived the words currency, moneda, money ...

The first Roman metal coins (aes or as) were small bronze ingots adorned with an ox. They were replaced by sesterces. The denier (denarius or piece of ten), struck in silver, was the first coin to bear a value inscribed in the form of an X, for 10 aces.

Then, at the beginning of our era, Auguste reorganized the monetary system on the principle of trimetallism. The aureus weighs about 8 g of gold, its parity with the silver denier is fixed at 1 / 25th. The denier itself equals 4 sesterces of bronze.

With the development of the Empire, the Roman monetary system is widely needed. Coinages of exchange, the coins also become instruments of propaganda to the glory of the emperor. The political instability and decadence of the Empire are accompanied by a deterioration of the currency.

Similarly, the gradual scarcity of money leads to a break in parities and a loss of confidence in the respective value of coins.

To stop this movement, Constantine I, at the same time that he reorganized the Empire, imposes monometallism and puts into circulation a new gold coin designed to last and serve as a reference: solidus (solid, in Latin). The first solidus are struck at Trier, in the Rhineland, in the year 310.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the use of this currency continues for a long time in Byzantium. In the West, even though its circulation is shrinking more rapidly, it continues to play a role as a unit of account for nearly a millennium. Francised in soil or sou, the term has passed...